This guide walks you through 11 types of VA disability claims with step-by-step filing instructions, required forms, and what to expect at each stage. It also includes a comprehensive C&P Exam Prep Guide covering what to expect, how to prepare, contractor phone numbers (VES, QTC, LHI), and what veterans wish they had known before their exam.
The VA recognizes several claim types: Direct Service Connection (condition caused by service), Presumptive Service Connection (PACT Act, Agent Orange, Gulf War, radiation), Secondary Service Connection (condition caused by an existing service-connected disability), Military Sexual Trauma (MST), Claim for Increase (condition has worsened), Supplemental Claim (new evidence after denial), Higher-Level Review (HLR), Board of Veterans Appeals (BVA), and Benefits Delivery at Discharge (BDD) for active duty members within 180-90 days of separation.
The Compensation and Pension exam is a medical evaluation ordered by the VA, typically conducted by a contracted examiner from VES (1-877-637-8387), QTC (1-800-682-9701), or LHI (1-800-437-0833). It is not a treatment appointment — it assesses the current severity of your condition and its connection to service. Describe your symptoms on your worst day. Do not minimize. You can request a specific gender examiner.
The VA reimburses eligible veterans $0.415 per mile for travel to C&P exams. Parking and tolls are also reimbursable — keep your receipts. The $6 round-trip deductible is waived for C&P exam travel. File within 30 days via BTSSS at VA.gov.
A nexus letter is a medical opinion stating your condition is "at least as likely as not" connected to military service. It is often the most critical piece of evidence in a VA disability claim. Any licensed medical provider can write one. This guide includes a conversation script for asking your doctor, the exact language the VA requires, condition-specific evidence checklists (PTSD, back, knee, sleep apnea, tinnitus, secondary conditions), common DBQ form numbers, and the most common mistakes that get claims denied. For condition-specific nexus theories, evidence checklists, and a sample nexus letter template, see the Nexus & Service Connection Guide.